essay on globe for class 6

Essay on Globe

Students are often asked to write an essay on Globe in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Globe

Introduction to globe.

A globe is a spherical model of Earth. It provides a three-dimensional representation of our planet, making it easier to understand Earth’s geography.

Importance of Globe

Globes are important educational tools. They help us visualize where countries, oceans, and other geographical features are located in relation to each other.

Features of Globe

A globe shows continents, countries, oceans, and lines of latitude and longitude. Some globes also display physical features like mountains and rivers.

In conclusion, a globe is a useful tool for learning about our world. It offers a realistic view of Earth’s geography.

Also check:

• 10 Lines on Globe

250 Words Essay on Globe

Introduction to the globe.

The globe, a spherical model of Earth, serves as a profound symbol of human understanding and exploration. Representing Earth’s geographical features in 3D, it provides a comprehensive overview of our planet’s complex terrain and water bodies.

The Globe as a Geographical Tool

Globes are quintessential geographical tools, offering an accurate depiction of Earth’s geography. They illustrate the relative sizes, shapes, and locations of continents, countries, and oceans, fostering a holistic understanding of Earth’s spatial relationships. Moreover, globes provide a realistic perspective of Earth’s rotation and revolution, enabling learners to grasp intricate concepts like day-night cycles and seasons.

The Globe’s Historical Significance

Historically, globes have been fundamental in navigation and exploration. Early explorers and navigators used them to chart courses across vast oceans, opening up new trade routes and enabling cultural exchange. The globe’s historical significance extends beyond its practical use, symbolizing humanity’s relentless pursuit of knowledge and discovery.

The Globe in the Digital Age

In the digital age, the globe has evolved into interactive digital maps and virtual globes, like Google Earth. These digital versions offer real-time updates, satellite imagery, and 3D visualizations, transforming how we perceive and interact with our planet. Despite these advancements, the physical globe remains a timeless educational tool, fostering spatial thinking and global awareness.

In conclusion, the globe stands as a testament to human curiosity and exploration. Its role in education, navigation, and the digital age underscores its enduring relevance. As we continue to explore the cosmos, the globe reminds us of our home planet’s intricate beauty and interconnectedness.

500 Words Essay on Globe

The history and significance of the globe.

The globe, a spherical representation of the Earth, has been a significant symbol of human civilization since antiquity. Its origin traces back to ancient Greece, where scholars like Crates of Mallus crafted the earliest known terrestrial globes in the 2nd century BC. The globe was not merely a tool for geographical navigation but also a symbol of the human quest for knowledge and understanding of the cosmos.

The globe’s primary purpose is to provide a realistic and accurate depiction of the Earth’s geography. Unlike two-dimensional maps, which often distort the size and shape of landmasses due to the Mercator projection, a globe maintains the true proportions of continents and oceans. This feature has made it an invaluable tool for geographers, navigators, and explorers throughout history.

The Globe and Cultural Exchange

The globe has also played a crucial role in cultural exchange. As trade routes expanded and explorers discovered new lands, the globe was updated to reflect these changes. Each update represented not only a geographical discovery but also an encounter between different cultures. The globe, therefore, became a symbol of our interconnected world, fostering mutual understanding and respect among diverse cultures.

In the digital age, the physical globe has been largely replaced by digital maps and GPS technology. However, the principle it embodies – a comprehensive, interconnected view of the Earth – is more relevant than ever. Digital globes, like Google Earth, allow us to explore the world in unprecedented detail, from the comfort of our homes. They also enable us to visualize global phenomena, such as climate change and deforestation, fostering a greater sense of global responsibility.

The Globe as a Symbol of Unity

Beyond its practical uses, the globe is a powerful symbol of unity and interconnectedness. It reminds us that, despite our cultural, political, and geographical differences, we all share the same planet. This perspective is essential in an era characterized by global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and social inequality. The globe, therefore, serves as a reminder of our collective responsibility to protect and sustain our shared home.

In conclusion, the globe, from its ancient origins to its modern digital incarnations, has played a critical role in human civilization. It has guided explorers, facilitated cultural exchange, and symbolized our shared heritage and future. As we navigate the complex challenges of the 21st century, the globe continues to inspire us with its message of unity, interconnectedness, and shared responsibility.

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Notes of Ch 2 Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes| Class 6th Geography

Notes of chapter 2 globe: latitudes and longitudes class 6th geography, contact form.

• CBSE Notes For Class 6
• Class 6 Social Science Notes
• Class 6 Geography Notes
• Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes

CBSE Class 6 Geography Notes Chapter 2 - Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

A globe is a spherical model of Earth. It serves purposes similar to some maps. A model globe of Earth is called a terrestrial globe. A model globe of the celestial sphere is called a celestial globe. Latitude is a measurement on a globe or map of location north or south of the Equator. It is measured starting from an imaginary north-south line called the Prime Meridian. Longitude is a measurement of location east or west of the prime meridian at Greenwich. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles. Students can understand these topics thoroughly by referring to the CBSE Class 6 Geography notes of Chapter 2 – Globe Latitudes and Longitudes.

• Chapter 1 The Earth In The Solar System
• Chapter 3 Motions Of The Earth
• Chapter 4 Maps
• Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth
• Chapter 6 Major Landforms Of The Earth
• Chapter 7 Our Country India
• Chapter 8 India Climate Vegetation And Wildlife

CBSE Notes Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 – Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

Globes are of various sizes and types, such as big ones, small pocket globes, and globe-like balloons. The globe is not fixed and can be rotated the same way as a topspin or a potter’s wheel is rotated. On the globe, countries, continents and oceans are shown in their correct size.

A needle is fixed through the globe in a tilted manner, which is called its axis. Two points on the globe through which the needle passes are two poles – the North Pole and the South Pole.

The globe can be moved around this needle from west to east just as the earth moves. But, there is a major difference. The real earth moves around its axis, which is an imaginary line. Another imaginary line running on the globe divides it into two equal parts. This line is known as the equator. The northern half of the earth is known as the Northern Hemisphere, and the southern half is known as the Southern Hemisphere. They are both equal halves.

The equator is an imaginary circular line to locate places on the earth. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. Latitudes are measured in degrees.

The equator represents the zero-degree latitude. Since the distance from the equator to either of the poles is one-fourth of a circle around the earth, it will measure ¼th of 360 degrees, i.e. 90°. Thus, 90 degrees north latitude marks the North Pole, and 90 degrees south latitude marks the South Pole.

All parallel north of the equator is called ‘north latitudes.’ Similarly, all parallel south of the equator is called ‘south latitudes.’ The value of each latitude is indicated by the letter ‘N’ or ‘S’.

Important Parallels of Latitude

There are four important parallels between latitudes

• Tropic of Cancer (23½° N) in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Tropic of Capricorn (23½° S) in the Southern Hemisphere.
• Arctic Circle at 66½° north of the equator.
• Antarctic Circle at 66½° south of the equator.

Heat Zones of the Earth

Torrid Zones – The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This area, therefore, receives the maximum heat and is called the Torrid Zone.

Temperate Zones – The mid-day sun never shines overhead on any latitude beyond the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The angle of the sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards the poles. As such, the areas bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere have moderate temperatures. These are called Temperate Zones.

Frigid Zones – Areas lying between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere are very cold. It is because, here, the sun does not rise much above the horizon. Therefore, its rays are always slanting and provide less heat. These are called Frigid Zones.

What are Longitudes?

Meridians of longitude are drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole and are at right angles to the Equator. The distances between meridians of longitude are measured in degrees of longitude. Each degree is further divided into minutes and minutes into seconds.

Prime Meridian is an imaginary line on Earth that passes north to south through the Greenwich Observatory in London, England. The prime meridian divides Earth into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. The prime meridian is at 0° (0 degrees) longitude. The longitude of a place is followed by the letter E for the east and W for the west.

Longitude and Time

The best means of measuring time is by the movement of the Earth, the moon and the planets. When the Prime Meridian of Greenwich has the sun at the highest point in the sky, all the places along this meridian will have mid-day or noon. As the earth rotates from west to east, those places east of Greenwich will be ahead of Greenwich time, and those to the west will be behind it.

The rate of difference can be calculated as follows. The earth rotates 360° in about 24 hours, which means 15° an hour or 1° in four minutes. Thus, when it is 12 noon at Greenwich, the time at 15° east of Greenwich will be 15 × 4 = 60 minutes, i.e., 1 hour ahead of Greenwich time, which means 1 p.m. But at 15° west of Greenwich, the time will be behind Greenwich time by one hour, i.e., it will be 11.00 a.m. Similarly, at 180°, it will be midnight when it is 12 noon at Greenwich.

Why do we have Standard Time?

The local time of places, which are on different meridians, are bound to differ. In India, for instance, there will be a difference of about 1 hour and 45 minutes between the local times of Dwarka in Gujarat and Dibrugarh in Assam. It is, therefore, necessary to adopt the local time of some central meridian of a country as the standard time for the country. In India, the longitude of 82½° E (82° 30’E) is treated as the standard meridian. The local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard Time (IST).

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 6 Geography Notes Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

What is standard time.

Standard time is a uniform time for a particular area or a country. In a time zone, standard time is generally calculated according to the meridian lying at the centre of that zone.

What is latitude?

Latitude is the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator.

What are the different zones of Earth?

The Earth has three main climate zones: tropical, temperate and polar.

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NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Globe ‘Latitudes and Longitudes’: Notes and Solutions (Free PDF)

• Updated on  
• May 9, 2024

Summary: NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2

NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2, titled “Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes,” introduces students to the Earth’s imaginary lines that help locate places accurately. It explains latitudes, which run east-west, and longitudes, which run north-south. These lines form a grid system on the globe. Latitudes are like steps on a ladder, with the Equator as the central line. They help us measure distances north or south of the Equator. Longitudes are like the slices of an orange, meeting at the North and South Poles. The Prime Meridian is the main line of longitude. By combining latitudes and longitudes, we can find any place on Earth.

This chapter prepares students for map reading and understanding global locations. Remember, latitudes are horizontal and help us find places north or south, while longitudes are vertical and help us locate places east or west. 

Download Social Science Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Important Questions and Answers PDF

Table of Contents

• 1 Summary: NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2
• 2 Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Notes
• 3 Important Diagram in NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2
• 4 Important Definitions in NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2
• 5 Important Questions and Answers in NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2

Explore all the Chapters of Class 6 Geography:-

Also Read: Which Region Receives the Most Rainfall in India?

Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Notes

Let us now look at the class 6 chapter 2 notes and cover the important aspects along with diagram and definitions.

Important Diagram in NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2

Draw a diagram of the globe showing the earth’s axis, the Equator, the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle.

Earth’s Axis

The Earth’s axis is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. It’s like an invisible rod around which the Earth spins. This spinning motion is what causes day and night.

The Equator is an important line that circles the Earth horizontally. It’s located halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole. The Equator divides the Earth into two halves – the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn

The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are lines that go around the Earth parallel to the Equator. The Tropic of Cancer is in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Tropic of Capricorn is in the Southern Hemisphere. These lines mark the farthest points north and south where the sun can be directly overhead.

Also Read: The Tropic of Cancer Passes Through How Many States in India?

Arctic Circle

The Arctic Circle is another imaginary line, but this one goes around the Earth near the North Pole. It’s like a boundary that marks the area where, during summer, the sun doesn’t set for some days, and during winter, it doesn’t rise for some days.

Antarctic Circle

Similar to the Arctic Circle, the Antarctic Circle is a line that goes around the Earth near the South Pole. This line marks the region where, during summer, the sun doesn’t set for some days, and during winter, it doesn’t rise for some days, just like in the Arctic Circle.

Check out The Most Abundant Metal in the Earth’s Crust

Important Definitions in NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2

• Globe: A globe is a round model of the Earth. It shows us how the Earth looks from space. It helps us understand where different places are located on the planet.
• Axis: The axis of the Earth is like an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. The Earth spins around this line, which gives us day and night.
• Equator: The equator is an imaginary line that goes around the middle of the Earth. It divides the Earth into two halves: the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. It’s also the widest circle around the Earth.
• Parallels of Latitudes: These are imaginary lines that run from east to west on the Earth. They are like steps going up and down the globe. They help us measure how far a place is from the equator.
• Torrid Zone: The torrid zone is the hottest part of the Earth. It is located near the equator. It gets a lot of sunlight and is generally warm throughout the year.
• Temperate Zone: The temperate zone is in the middle of the Earth, between the torrid and frigid zones. It has milder temperatures compared to the torrid and frigid zones.
• Frigid Zone: The frigid zone is the coldest part of the Earth. It is located near the poles (North Pole and South Pole). It gets very little sunlight, so it’s very cold.
• Prime Meridian: The prime meridian is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. It is at 0 degrees longitude. It helps us measure how far a place is to the east or west of it.

Important Questions and Answers in NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What is the true shape of the earth?

(b) What is a globe?

(c) What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer?

(d) What are the three heat zones of the Earth?

(e) What are parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude?

(f) Why does the torrid zone receive maximum amount of heat?

(g) Why is it 5.30 p.m. in India and 12.00 noon in London?

(a) The true shape of the Earth is like a slightly flattened ball. It is slightly flattened at the North and the South Poles and bulges in the middle.

(b) A globe is a round model of the Earth, showing its continents, oceans, and other features. It helps us understand how our planet looks from space.

(c) The latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer is 23½° N.

(d) The three heat zones of the Earth are as follows:

• Torrid Zone (near the Equator)
• Temperate Zone (between the Torrid and Arctic/Antarctic Circles)
• Frigid Zone (near the North and South Poles)

(e) Parallels of latitude are imaginary lines that run horizontally around the Earth, measuring distances North or South of the Equator. Meridians of longitude are imaginary lines that run vertically, measuring distances East or West of the Prime Meridian.

(f) The torrid zone receives the maximum amount of heat because it is closest to the Sun. The Sun’s rays are more direct and concentrated in this area, causing higher temperatures.

(g) India and London have different time zones due to their locations on the Earth. When it’s 5:30 p.m. in India, it’s 12:00 noon in London because India is ahead in time. This happens because the Earth rotates, causing different parts of the world to experience daylight at different times.

2. Tick the correct answers.

(a) The value of the prime meridian is

(i) 90°     (ii) 0°     (iii) 60°

(b) The frigid zone lies near

(i) The Poles     (ii) the Equator     (iii) the Tropic of Cancer

(c) The total number of longitudes are

(i) 360     (ii)     180     (iii) 90

(d) The Antarctic Circle is located in

(i) the Northern Hemisphere    (ii) the Southern Hemisphere   (iii) the Eastern Hemisphere

(e) Grid is a network of

(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitude

(ii) the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

(iii) the North Pole and the South Pole

(i) the Poles

(ii) the Southern Hemisphere

3. Fill in the blanks.

(a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at 23½° S.

(b) The Standard Meridian of India is 82½° E Longitude.

(c) The 0° Meridian is also known as Prime Meridian.

(d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards the poles.

(e) The Arctic Circle is located in the Northern Hemisphere.

Also Read: NCERT Class 6 Geography: Chapter 1- The Earth in the Solar System

Explore Notes of All subjects of CBSE Class 6:-

Ans: The true shape of the Earth is like a slightly flattened ball. It is slightly flattened at the North and the South Poles and bulges in the middle.

Ans: The equator is an imaginary line that goes around the middle of the Earth. It divides the Earth into two halves: the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. It’s also the widest circle around the Earth.

Ans: The prime meridian is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. It is at 0 degrees longitude. It helps us measure how far a place is to the east or west of it.

Follow Leverage Edu for complete study material on CBSE Notes of Class 6 Geography  

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CBSE Class 6 Social Science Geography Revision Notes Chapter 2

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Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Notes

Cbse class 6 geography chapter 2 notes – globe latitudes and longitudes.

The spherical models of the Earth are called globes. The globes serve a similar purpose to that of the maps. The term “terrestrial globe” refers to the model globe created for the Earth. The celestial globe is the model globe that is used to represent the celestial sphere. The Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Notes contain all the required information to understand globes.

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Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Notes Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

Access Class 6 Social Science (Geography) Chapter 2 – Globe Latitudes and Longitudes – Notes

• The globe we can see is an image of the Earth. The needle’s axis, which describes how it passes through the balloon, is oblique.
• The Earth is evenly divided into two halves by a hypothetical line that passes through it. It is known as the Equator.
• Latitudes are all of the parallel circles that run horizontally from the equator up to the poles. A latitude is measured in degrees.
• The width of the line of latitude narrows as we move away from the equator. The following are the four crucial parallel lines of latitude.
• Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N of equator)
• Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 °S of equator)
• Arctic Circle (66.3°N of equator)
• Antarctic Circle (66.3°S of equator)
• The Torrid Zone of the Earth receives the most heat.
• In Temperate Zones, the temperature is moderate. China, America, North India, etc., are a few examples.
• The climate in the frigid zone is cold as the Sun’s rays are deviated.

The term “Longitude Meridian” refers to the line that runs between the North and South Poles.

They are separated from one another by a “degree of longitude.”

The longitude of each meridian is the same.

The Prime Meridian is the one that runs through Greenwich, where the Royal Observatory is also situated.

East longitude and West longitude are calculated from the Prime Meridian’s value of 0° longitude.

The eastern and western hemispheres of the Earth are divided into two equal parts by the Prime Meridian.

Longitudes of 180 degrees East and West are on the same line.

Any point on the planet can be found if we know its latitude and longitude.

Longitude and Time

As the Earth rotates from West to East,  places located in the East of Greenwich will be ahead of the time in Greenwich, whereas the places located in the West will be behind Greenwich time.

The Earth completes one 360-degree rotation in 24 hours.

The watch can be set to 12 o’clock wherever the sun is at its highest point in the sky.

Standard Time:The local time varies from place to place, so it is necessary to use the local time of a certain central meridian in a certain country as the standard time.

The accepted standard meridian for India is 82.5°E. On this meridian, the local time is known as Indian Standard Time (IST).

India is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, at an easterly latitude of 82°30′.

Some nations use multiple standard times because they have a significant vertical extension.

The globe is a miniature representation of the real world. The balloon is punctured by a shaft-shaped needle at an angle.

The poles are two extreme points where the Earth’s axis passes through the North Pole and South Pole. On the Earth, this axis is depicted as a needle.

The Equator is the line that circles the Earth perpendicular to its axis and through its centre. This line divides the Earth into two hemispheres, namely the Northern hemisphere and the Southern hemisphere. More circles with different radii and centres on the axis run parallel to the equator. These circles are called the Lines of Latitude.

Degrees determine whether two lines are parallel. The equator stands at a latitude of 0 degrees. North (° N), or latitude, is the name of the northern hemisphere’s latitude. 10°N, 20°N, and so on up to 90°N, which is the North Pole). Similar to this, the South Pole is located at 90° South latitude, also known as South latitude (°S).

The Prime Meridian is the circle that runs through Greenwich, England, perpendicular to the equator and parallel to the axis. The Prime Meridian divides the Earth into its two hemispheres, namely the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Therefore, the Earth is divided into four equal parts by the equator and the prime meridian. Additional circles with equal radii and centres located at the centre of the Earth run parallel to the primary meridian. These are known as Longitudes.

Degrees are used to calculate the length. The Prime Meridian represents longitude degrees zero.East longitude (° E) is the name given to the longitude of the Eastern hemisphere. 10°E, 20°E, and so on until 180°. The same applies in the Western Hemisphere. Minutes are divided into seconds, which in turn are divided into degrees. The second is denoted by a double apostrophe (“), while the symbol for one minute is an apostrophe (‘). One degree is made up of 60 feet (or 60 minutes), and one minute is made up of 60 inches (or 60 seconds). Thus, 30’ denotes a half-degree and 40” means two-thirds of a minute.

Despite being at the same latitude, two points on Earth can still be very far apart. Additionally, two far-off points may share the same longitude. However, a particular latitude and longitude pair only contains one point. Therefore, a point on the Earth can be located using latitude and longitude.

There are two unique latitudes in the Northern hemisphere: the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle. They are situated at 23 1/2 ° N and 66 1/2 ° N, respectively.

In the Southern hemisphere, there are two special latitudes, namely, the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle. They are situated at 23 1/2 ° S and 66 1/2 ° S, respectively,

The region that experiences the most heat from the sun is that which lies between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. This region is known as the Torrid Zone.

The temperatures between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Antarctic Circle and Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere are moderate. These areas are called Temperate Zones.

What is Latitude?

The latitude of any location north or south of the equator can be accurately measured on a map or globe.A fictitious line known as the Prime Meridian is used to calculate latitude. Any angle between 0° at the equator and 90° at the poles can be used to measure latitude.

What is Longitude?

The measurement of any specific location that is East or West of the Prime Meridian, also at Greenwich, is referred to as the longitude. The  Class 6 Chapter 2 Geography Notes help students understand these concepts of Globe Latitudes and Longitudes.

An Overview of Globes, Longitude, and Latitude

There are many different types and sizes of globes, from large ones that can occupy a room to smaller ones that can fit in pockets. One of the main features of a globe is that it can be easily rotated around a fixed point. The globe depicts continents, oceans, and countries, all of which are accurately sized. The globe’s axis is indicated by a needle that is fixed through it in a titled manner.

The two poles, North and South, are the two extreme points that this needle will pass through. The Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere are separated by another significant line that runs through the globe. The equator is the name given to this particular line. The equator, according to the NCERT Chapter 2 Geography Class 6 Notes , is essentially just a fictitious, circular line that can be used to pinpoint various locations on the globe. The parallels of latitudes are all the circles that are perpendicular to the equator. These are correctly measured in degrees.

The zero-degree latitude is represented by the equator. The distance between the poles and the equator is roughly one-fourth of the circumference of the planet. As a result, the degree measured would also be one-fourth of the total rotation, or 360 degrees, or 90 degrees. As a result, the North Pole will be approximately 90 degrees north of the North latitude, and the South Pole will be approximately 90 degrees south of the South latitude.For more information, students can consult the Class 6 Geography Notes Chapter 2.

The Parallels of Latitude

Students need to be aware of four distinct and significant parallels of latitude. The Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Notes contain a description of all the necessary concepts

• Tropic of Cancer (23½° N) is located in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Tropic of Capricorn (23½° S), which is located in the Southern Hemisphere.
• The Arctic Circle is situated 66½° North of the equator.
• The Antarctic Circle is situated 66½° South of the equator.

Different Heat Zones Located on the Earth

On Earth, there are different kinds of heat zones. They are discussed below:

Torrid Zones

Since the sun is directly overhead during midday at least once a year, the Torrid Zone is the region that experiences the most heat. Each and every latitude between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer experiences extremely high temperatures.

Temperature Zones

Places in the Temperate Zone experience moderate temperatures. This is because the sun does not shine overhead during the middle of the day at a particular latitude that is located outside of the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. As a result, the regions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres enclosed by these parallel latitudes have a temperate climate.

Frigid Zones

These are the regions or zones that are located between the poles, with the North Pole being closest to the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere and the South Pole being closest to the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere. These areas’ frigid temperatures are because the sun’s rays in these regions frequently have a slant and do not directly shine on them. Therefore, the sun doesn’t rise very high and remains close to the horizon. These regions frequently experience much colder temperatures than anticipated.

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FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. mention the latitudinal value of the tropic of cancer..

The Tropic of Cancer has a latitude of 23 12° North.

2. What is our planet's accurate shape?

Our planet actually has a geoid-like shape. In other words, It is shaped like an orange, to put it another way.

3. What exactly can be defined as a globe?

The globe is a three-dimensional model of the planet.

4. Why do we have standard time?

We have standard time because of their positions on the meridian lines. Different countries have different local times. For instance, in India, the local times of Dibrugarh in Assam and Dwarka in Gujarat differ by one hour and forty-five minutes. Therefore, using the local time of a specific meridian makes it necessary to have a standard time. The standard time at this particular meridian is taken to be the standard time for the country, known as the Indian Standard Time (IST), because longitude 82  ½° East is considered to be India’s Standard Meridian.

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Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Notes - Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

Introduction.

A  globe is a true model of the Earth that shows the Earth’s shape, lands, oceans distances and directions as they relate to one another truly. The globes are of varying sizes and types. Globe can be rotated in the same way as a top spin or potter’s wheel is rotated.

Axis: The imaginary line passing through the center of the Earth and joining the two points. A needle is fixed through the globe in a titled manner, which is called its axis.

Advantages of the Globe

• It shows the exact shape of the Earth
• It helps us to understand how day and night occur and seasons are caused.
• It gives the idea of the tilt of the Earth's axis.
• It shows us the exact position and areas of the continents and the oceans.

Disadvantages of the Globe

It is difficult to carry it anywhere.

Only a part of the Globe can be seen at a time.

• It cannot be used to study a specific part of the Earth.

It does not show towns, cities, districts, roads, railways etc.

It gives the idea of the tilt of the Earth's axis.

Correct answer is A:  It gives the idea of the tilt of the Earth's axis. Rest all the options are the disadvantage of globe.

• It is the line that passes through the center of the Earth.
• It divides the Earth into two equal parts- The Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere
• It has the largest Latitude at 0 degrees.
• It runs from east to west.

Important Parallels of Latitude

• Latitude is an unseen horizontal line encircling the Earth from East to West. 
• All circles parallel to the Equator, extending from the Equator to the poles, are known as parallels of latitudes. 
• The Equator itself signifies the zero-degree latitude and runs in an east-west direction. 
• These lines measure the distance north or south from the Equator, running parallel to each other and never intersecting. 
• They intersect the Prime Meridian at right angles and become shorter as they approach the poles.

Heat Zones of the Earth

What are Longitudes?

• Longitude is an invisible vertical line running around the Earth from North to South, with the Prime Meridian at 0°.
• Passing from Greenwich, the Prime Meridian traverses the United Kingdom, France, parts of Africa, and various seas, connecting different regions globally.
• The Prime Meridian 's establishment in Greenwich is rooted in historical conventions, making it a global reference point for longitudinal measurements.
• Longitude divides the globe into Eastern and Western Hemispheres along the Prime Meridian.
• Examples of longitudes include New York at 74°W (West) and Cairo at 31°E (East).

Longitude and Time

• Earth's daily rotation completes a full 360° cycle in 24 hours, equating to a movement of 15° per hour or 1° every 4 minutes.
• The Earth rotates from west to east, causing a 1-hour time advancement for every 15° eastward movement and a 1-hour delay for every 15° westward movement.

• Places to the east of Greenwich experience earlier sunrises, gaining time, while those to the west witness later sunrises, resulting in time loss.
• Calculating local time involves a straightforward addition or subtraction of the hour difference from the given longitude with respect to Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.).
• When the sun is at its zenith over the prime meridian in Greenwich, all locations along this line share mid-day or noon, serving as a global time synchronization reference.

Divides the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

Represents the zero-degree latitude.

Measures distance north or south from the Prime Meridian.

Runs from North to South.

The time zone is defined by dividing the 360º of the earthly sphere into the 24 hours of the day.  As a result, each time zone corresponds to 15º of the Earth's circumference and is the equivalent of 1 hour.

Why do we have Standard Time?  

• Local times vary across different meridians, causing challenges in scheduling activities like train timetables.
• Standard time is essential for coordination, making it easier to plan and organize activities that span multiple longitudes.

• In India, the standard meridian is at 82½° E, known as Indian Standard Time (IST), providing a unified time reference for the entire country.
• Kabeer, near Bhopal, notes a time difference between India and England due to their respective longitudes.
• India, at  82°30'E , is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT, leading to a 7:30 p.m. start for a cricket match in India when it is 2:00 p.m. noon in London.
• Some countries, like Russia, with extensive longitudinal spans, adopt multiple standard times.
• Earth is divided into twenty-four time zones, each covering 15° of longitude, facilitating global time coordination.

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